Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences
Volume:20 Issue: 3, 2015

The most important mission and ultimate goal of all research in the medical field is to understand the etiology of diseases and their treatment to reduce/eliminate disease. Determination of causality between a cause (independent variable) and a disease (dependent variable)، no matter how often can be difficult، but it’s a paramount of importance. In what way can causality proceed? And what process should be taken to see that certain factors are associated with a particular disease? The following is an explanation of this issue.

Lithium is an element that is used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Lithium via glycogen synthase kinase3β (GSK3β) has a negative effect on the ovulation and corpus luteum formation. GSK3β has an important role in several signaling pathway. Recent evidence has shown that this signaling pathway is involved in follicle development, ovulation and corpus luteum formation. Lithium works as a GSK3β inhibitor. Thus, in this study we investigated the effect of LiCl on the ovulation, angiogenesis and corpus luteum formation in Wistar rat. Immature 23-day old female rats were injected with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (15 IU) to induce follicular development followed 48h later by hCG (15 IU) to induce ovulation. 250 mg/kg LiCl were administrated at the time of hCG injection to the experimental group (N=15). Also, physiological serum instead LiCl were injected to control group (N=15) at the same time. The ovaries were removed at 24 h after LiCl treatment and fixed by Bowen and prepared for histological studies. The results were analyzed by t-test. Our results show that there are no significant different between ovulation in LiCl treatment rats compared with control group. The numbers of corpus luteum blood vessel were decreased (p<0.05) in experimental group (10.5±5.5) in comparison with control group (37.5±22.5). These finding shows that LiCl does not inhibit ovulation but it disrupts blood vessel formation in the corpus luteum.

Considering the widespread use of serum and syringe infusion pumps, known side effects of their performance and the lack of information about its status in the respective university hospitals and to evaluate the performance of these pumps. The study was carried out in 2015. Method of study was cross sectional. This survey was performed in 10 SBMU hospitals with ICU, CCU and NICU wards. Performance of serum injection pumps was evaluated with 14 indexes such as injection volume error, injection timing error, air sensors, alarms, completion of the injection, and battery status. The performance of syringe infusion pumps was evaluated with 12 indexes such as injection timing error, injection volume error, needle sensor, battery status, and alarms. Statistical analysis of data collected was done by SPSS18 software. 55 devices of serum infusion pump and 151 devices of syringe infusion pumps were evaluated.. Regarding the serum injection pumps the unacceptable performance of serum injection pump related to errors is such as: injection volume error 53.8%, internal battery failure 40%, injection time error 32.1%, and damage drop sensor 29.1%. In the case of poor performance syringe infusion pumps, injection volume error 58.2%, injection time error 45%, damage the internal battery 40.5% and failure alarms injection completed 17.6%. It seems that unacceptable performance serum and syringe infusion pumps have been high and a big concern. Insistently demands investigate the causes and the necessary measures to reduce the problem.

Infantile colic and sequence of cries, irritability and sleep problem are transient in the initial months of life. It could affect maternal depression, parent’s anxiety and family health situation. The aim of this study is to explore effect of massage on infantile cries severity and duration of sleep. In this randomized clinical trial, one hundred infants assigned randomly into intervention and control groups. Correct method of massage for mothers in intervention group was taught and they were asked to massage infants three times a day for a week. In control group, mothers used rocking to relief colic symptoms. In both groups, Parents registered cries severity and sleep duration on diary. Finally, marginal model was used to analyze data. In the massage group, means of cries severity decrease from 5.01 to 2.47 in a week while in the control (rock) group this mean reduce from 4.27 to 3.78. In addition, mean difference of sleep duration between groups was 1.81 hours in favor of rock group at the first day of study. It became 1.26 hours in favor of massage group at the end of trial. Severity of cries among infants of this study in the afternoon and at night was significantly higher than in the morning. Massage as a safe treatment can affect cries severity and sleep duration of infants.

The presence of anti-biotic resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in patients’ causes treatment failure with a wide range of common antibiotics, especially in ICU. This study aims to determine the molecular identification of anti-biotic resistant genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae sampled from the respiratory system of the patients admitted to ICU. In this descriptive-sectional study, a total of 50 purposive samples of respiratory secretions of the ICU patients in Kerman hospitals were studied in a 5 months period. The anti-biotic susceptibility to 8 antibiotics ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, aztreonam, and cephalothin was determined. PCR test to identify SHV and TEM genes performed and the molecular identification of the antibiotic resistance genes of these isolates were determined. Imipenem has the highest anti-biotic susceptibility (94%), and cephalotin has the highest resistance (64%) among the isolates. 56% of the isolates were positive ESBL phonotype generating. In 28 cases of ESBL generating isolates, 25% had only the blaSHV gene, 64.3% had both the blaTEM and blaSHV genes, and 10.7 % had neither of these genes; also none of the isolates had only the blaTEM gene. Klebsiella pneumoniae of the contained patients admitted, rapid and accurate molecular techniques in the identification of genetic resistance is necessary. The prevalence of resistant strains of bacteria has been assessed and appropriate measures for the treatment and control of bacterial resistance to be implemented.

Esophageal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the world. The incidence of esophageal cancer is very high in Iran. The incidence of high mutations in the P53 in both cancers of the esophagus (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (EAC) has been reported. P53 is one of the most well-known tumor suppressor genes that in half of all human tumors have mutated. The P53 protein to be activated against damaged DNA. Therefore, as an important target for investigation in cancer research. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, this is the first study of P53 gene expression evaluation in patients with esophageal cancer using reverse transcriptase real time polymerase chain reaction in Iran. This study was conducted as a historical cohort study. At the present study, the P53 gene expression in patients with esophageal cancer was studied in Iran. Fifteen paraffin-embedded tissue samples from esophageal cancer and 15 healthy collected from medical treatment centers (Zabol, Zahedan and Kashan) were used to measure the expression of the P53 gene by using RT-qPCR. RT-qPCR reactions were performed with three repetitions for the P53 gene and internal control (β-actin) using 2-∆∆CT (Livac) method for all samples. P53 gene expression in two groups of patients and controls were analyzed by t-test. The results indicated high significant difference in P53 gene expression between patients and controls (p<0.05). P53 gene expression in patients was 12 times more than healthy group (p<0.05). It seems that the P53 gene expression is likely to be used as a biomarker in esophageal cancer.

The victimization is one of the problems that exist today in schools across the world. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to validate the victimization scale in children. To this end, 607 students of Semnan were selected by using a stratified sampling method and to victimization scale, Illinois bullying scale and Harter’s motivation questionnaire responded. For data analysis, of factor analysis method, Cronbach's alpha coefficients and Pearson correlations were used. Factor analysis showed that the victim scale has one factor. Validation showed that the structures with bullying (0.53), absence from school (0.18), academic motivation (-0.15) and academic achievement (-0.17) had a significant relationship (p≤0.01). Also, victim scale reliability using Cronbach’s alpha for the total scale 0.88 was satisfactory. Data answer questions victim scale with Samejima model had a good fitness and more information about the test showed that the slopes of 0.4 to -1.8 had s continuum feature. Results indicated that victimization in the Persian version of the questionnaire has acceptable psychometric properties of school students, and it can be used as a valid instrument in psychological research.

Nosocomial infections with bacterial origin are considered as one of the most dangerous threats to global health. Among the most important causes of bacterial infections, the main concerns of physicians and staff in the ICU is Acinetobacter baumanni. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of serum antibodies against the bacteria in patients, ICU nurses and healthy people. In this study, 70 serum samples from Masih Daneshvari and Laleh hospital in three groups with 20 samples from patients with positive sputum culture Acinetobacter, 20 samples from ICU nurses and 30 samples from normal controls have been collected. Bacterial isolates obtained from the hospital cultured and PCR based on the presence of OXA-51 gene performed and detection of bacteria with a genetic test has been confirmed and stored. Dot blot test for screening has been performed and the presence of antibodies against Acinetobacter baumanni were measured by ELISA and has been approved. Immunoblotting results showed that 8 out of 20 nurses and 8 cases of patients, had antibodies against Acinetobacter baumanni bacteria at serum dilutions 1/50 and all controls were negative in the serum levels of antibodies. In the ELISA test, at 1/50 serum dilutions titer and concentrations of 0.5 micrograms per microliter antigen, 19 cases of nurses and 9 patients had positive titers of antibodies. All healthy sample were negative. Cut off by normal controls associated with nosocomial infections were recorded. serum levels of antibodies may be used as a prognostic tool in Acinetobacter baumanni infection. Complementary study is recommended for future attempt in vaccine design and passive immunotherapy.